Section 182 — Loans to directors: requirement of members’ approval

(1) A
company shall not—

(a) make a loan to a director of the company or of its holding company;
or to any of his relatives;

(b) give a guarantee or provide security in connection with a loan made
by any person to such a director; or to any of his relatives;

unless the transaction has been approved by a resolution of the members of the
company:
Provided that in case of a listed company, approval of the Commission shall
also be required before sanctioning of any such loan.
Explanation.—For the purpose of this section “relative”' in relation to a
director means his spouse and minor children.

(2) Nothing contained in sub-section (1) shall apply to a company which
in the ordinary course of its business provides loans or gives guarantees or securities
for the due repayment of any loan.
(3) Every person who is a party to any contravention of this section,
including in particular any person to whom the loan is made or who has taken the
loan in respect of which the guarantee is given or the security is provided, shall be
punishable with fine which may extend to one million rupees or with simple
imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year.

(4) All persons who are parties to any contravention of sub -section (1)
shall be liable, jointly and severally, to the lendin g company for the repayment of
the loan or for making good the sum with markup not less than the borrowing cost
of the lending company which the lending company may have been called upon to
pay by virtue of the guarantee given or the security provided by such company.

(5) Sub-section (1) shall apply to any transaction represented by a book-
debt which was from its inception in the nature of a loan or an advance.